Lotus Car Rental Essay

The Lotus Rental Car company is the world’s leading company in a multimillion dollar industry and can take this great opportunity to provide the consumer with alternative options in vehicles by adding alternative fuel vehicles to its fleet in Los Angeles, California, it would be a good move for this company because alternative vehicles like hybrids offer a less contaminated environment, better fuel economy, and the best in its money worth. Electric vehicles produce zero contamination, but are limited to the distance they can travel. Compare to gas powered vehicles offering lower mileage and higher emissions, which is a factor to the contamination of the air we breathe in. Also by adding the alternative vehicle can improve the company’s image and show that we as a provider do care about what we rent out to our consumer, and by providing that image the consumer would be motivated to drive a much cleaner vehicle that will protect the environment. With more car companies coming out with alternative vehicles this would be the right move to make in investing in alternative vehicles and gaining that momentum that would push this company over the top of all our competitors. The standard engine vehicle has come a long way; Conventional vehicles have only grown more reliable. And year after year they come out with more improvements for the vehicle’s engine. The gasoline car has improved from decades before, and in the past century. Modern civilization depends on automobiles for much of its daily existence, to travel to work and back. Gas stations are everywhere and it’s easier to go and fill up your car with gas, rather than go and sit and plug into a charging station. That being a one of pros to having a gas powered vehicle. However a growing disadvantage to having the gas powered vehicle are the gas prices rising. For every gallon of gas you put in your tank, only 1/5 produces mechanical energy that moves your car. The other 4/5 is lost as heat which is why the gas powered car has more engine parts (The Amazing Rate, 2012). The more parts help the gas powered vehicle in cooling down and maintaining power. The parts convert gas that is flowed through the motor into energy, and more parts to manage the excessive heat. Take a Honda Civic EX, for example, normally the Civic would get about 24 mpg around the city and about 36 on the highway, thanks to developments such as the VTEC valve train profiling system that adjusts as speed adjusts and keeps the engine working at optimal levels (Autos.com, 2014). The hybrid and electric cars that they have out for sale only make up one percent of 250 million sold in America. The maintenance of the car would add up after a couple years of having it, but would still cost you less than the alternative vehicle that would’ve got purchased over a gas powered car. The cost of maintenance is lower compared to hybrid vehicle. Spare parts and replacement kits are readily available on car service centers auto body part centers as well. The maintenance of gas powered vehicle is simple as regular oil changes, air-filter changes, and spark plug replacements, keeping the vehicle in good condition will better the emissions and lengthen the lifespan of the vehicle and improve the gas mileage of the car. For most vehicles now dealers offer you more mileage and better coverage on the vehicle of choice, take for example the Ford 150 it offers you a flex-fuel, Eco-Boost truck and the offer more warranty on the vehicle per miles and years. The point in that is for the company to lengthen the life of the truck and offer better gas mileage to the consumer. The gas powered car, truck, SUV all have the one thing in common and that is that they all run on gas and all vary on gas mileage. Maintenance would also vary, because it is not as cost effective as an alternative vehicle. The Gas powered vehicle has been the one vehicle around for decades and still will improve in making better and less cost effective vehicles for people to drive. Since the first electric car was made in 1900 by William Morrison there have been major technological advances throughout the century that have made today’s electric car a more popular choice for the American consumer (Berman, 2009). It was not until 1999 when interest in electric cars began to increase due to growing concerns about the environment and drastic increases in gas prices (Berman, 2009). The electric car runs on an electric motor and battery to increase a vehicle’s miles per gallon ratio and does not require gasoline. The reason Lotus Car Rental did not jump on to this opportunity was because at the time there was a $15,000 price difference between electric and gas engine vehicles. As of 2012 there is  only a $5,000 difference which is a more acceptable amount to consider and there are now electri c cars that are in the $15,000 to $20,000 range (Cars Direct, 2012). The positives of electric cars are that they require no gas and they can be charged by electric stations around Los Angeles and they do not emit pollution and that fact alone might persuade the consumer to rent an electric car (KBB, 2014). The average miles per full battery charge in the city are about 120 miles and highway about 100 miles in town. The maintenance of an electric car is extremely low because there is no longer a need to purchase gasoline and the company no longer has to do oil changes, air filter changes and emissions tests on a yearly basis thus creating a higher profit margin plus whatever major mechanical problem happens it will more likely be covered by the warranty provided by the dealer when buying the electric car brand new from the lot (Cars Direct, 2012). The average dealer warranty is about six year or 100,000 mile whichever comes first but because we are a car rental company, we will reach the mileage first. Insurance for electric cars are considerably low because they offer discounts for owing that type of car so it will be easier to pass on the savings to the consumer if they decide to purchase it (KBB, 2014). One problem with electric cars is that they are low on horse power which might be a problem for consumers considering that they are more than likely to want to exceed the speed limit on the highway and it might make it a difficult drive when going up on hills and mountains. Another problem with electric cars is that depending on the make and model, the average energy span only lasts about 120 miles before the consumer has to stop and recharge the battery. The main complaint among consumers is the amount of time it takes for the battery to recharge. The average charge time is about 4 to 8 hours if the consumer does not use a rapid recharge station which will charge the battery in between thirty minutes to an hour again depending on make and model (KBB, 2014). There are about sixty rapid recharge stations in and around Los Angeles but it more likely recommended that electric cars be used for in town usage instead of long trips because of the lack of rapid recharge stations. Although not considered as an alternative for the fuel vehicle, such as the electric, hydrogen, ethanol, and propane. The hybrid vehicle operates using advanced technology that combines the electric motor, fuel motor, and generator, to create a more efficient use of regular fuel.  Hybrids have become the new sensation of invention since slice bread. There are many reasons why Lotus Rental Car should add hybrid cars to their fleet. Consumer reports and background information backing up on the hybrid vehicle, it also shows how their popularity has grown among the world and the American population. Hybrids have their own unique way of operating, having an electric motor and a fuel motor, which makes them real fuel-efficient. Hybrids also offer a special braking system that allows the braking energy to be captured and stored in an onboard battery. Costumers report that this type of vehicle will offer a substantial savings in fuel costs because of the engine’s efficiency. Some cars typically getting 48 to 60 mpg, and offering 20% to 35% better fuel efficiency than a typical gasoline car. A typical car for example a Honda Civic only offers a range of 36 mpg on the highway. Costumers also report that hybrid vehicles have almost the same maintenance routine as regular vehicles. As, hybrid vehicles switch back and forth between an electric motor, and a traditional fuel engine depending on road conditions. This switch between power sources saves a lot of wear and tear on both of the motors, and increase the fuel range dramatically. The repair costs are high but repair is not as common as it is on traditional vehicles, and as long as maintenance is done properly these vehicles can outlast a traditional vehicle because the technology saves on wear and tear. The typical cost of a hybrid ranges from $19,000 to $25,000 price range. These prices are a quite pricey compare to those of a gas saver car, which range from $14,000 to $17,000. Even though that initial cost of these vehicles is more than the comparable traditional style car, over the long run all of these technologies will save money. When comparing both vehicles the hybrid is still the best investment, on average hybrids offer a ten-year/ 150,000-mile warranty on the batteries and power training, and a three-year/ 36,000 warranty on the rest of the vehicle. Hybrids batteries and motors do not require any more maintenance than any other car, hybrid brakes even last longer than those of a regular car. Hybrids also have tax incentives in the U.S., which can reduce the cost up to $3,400. After all the research we believe that hybrid vehicles are the best pick of an alternative energy vehicle for Lotus Rental Car Company fleet. Given all of this information on the multiple types of vehicles available we at Lotus Car Rental, Inc. have decided to focus on purchasing hybrid cars. The reason for  this decision is because the prices of the new hybrid cars are acceptable even though they are more expensive than regular cars but the price difference is more acceptable now than when it is compared to a few years ago. The cost of maintenance will not be an issue because by purchasing a brand new hybrid car the manufacturer warranty will be able to cover any major mechanical problems that will happen. This is an important factor for our decision because all rental companies including ourselves never keep vehicles for more than four years because the higher the mileage a car has the more likely that there will be mechanical problems that can happen. As soon a vehicle comes close to exceeding the manufacturer warranty that is when it will be put up for sale. Another reason is that we want to show the consumer that we care about their concerns for the environment and gas prices. Today’s consumer will more likely rent a hybrid car if the rental price difference is not a lot and the insurance fee stays the same. Eventually Lotus Car Rental, Inc. will switch over to electric cars in the future when the concept is upgraded with technological advances. What we mean by this is that the miles for a fully charged battery will increase as the years pass by and there will also be way more Rapid Recharge Stations throughout the United States. For now the focus will be on switching over to hybrid vehicles because this will show the consumer that this company is adapting to change and that we care. This will create an image that will to financial success. References Autos.com. (2014, April). Electric Power Car Vs. Gas Powered Car. Retrieved from http://www.autos.com/car-buying/electric-power-car-vs-gas-powered-car?&session-id=d1fa38119d76b5d16b7f062d6bf474f0 Berman, B. (2009, October 30). Timeline: History of the Electric Car. Retrieved from http://www.pbs.org/now/shows/223/electric-car-timeline.html Cars Direct. (2012, March 08). Electric Car Costs vs Gasoline Cars vs Hybrids. Retrieved from http://www.carsdirect.com/car-pricing/new-electric-car-costs-vs-standard-gasoline-vehicles ConsumerReports.org. (2013, February). Hybrid/EV buying guide. Retrieved from

Carroway Clothing Limited Essay

Carroway Clothing Limited (CCL) is a Canadian-controlled private corporation (CCPC) that was incorporated 10 years ago. CCL follows accounting standards for private enterprises (ASPE). It is owned by two brothers, Chip and Charles Carroway, who started the company after identifying an opportunity to design and manufacture clothing with innovative fabric. The Carroway brothers have run the business together and have an equal stake in its equity. You are Rose Reddick, a recently graduated CGA assigned as team leader to complete the March 31, 20X3, financial statement audit of CCL. This is the second year that your firm has done CCL’s audit. The audit planning was completed in early March by Blake Mouton, another CGA in your firm, but he has recently announced he is resigning from the firm. Due to scheduling conflicts and an unusually busy season, he will be unable to continue with the remainder of the audit before he leaves, and you have been asked to take over leadership of the audit team. It is now late April, and the team under Blake’s supervision has completed about two-thirds of the audit field work. The audit is scheduled to be completed by May 15, and realizing that you have a limited amount of time to complete your work on this audit, you immediately begin your review of the work done to date and the available client background information. Client background The Carroway brothers started manufacturing athletic wear, utilizing new techniques in fabric treatments to increase the durability of the fabric. CCL’s range of products includes clothing lines for women and men. The products are, primarily athletic wear, but three years ago they added a line of soil-resistant work clothing. Tax losses have occurred in the early years, but sales have grown each year since the company was started. As sales increased, Chip hired a team of design specialists to create new clothing items with innovative features. This team was hired three years ago to begin the research and development required to bring new products to market. Chip also hired a marketing manager with a degree in fine arts to design the tags attached to each piece of clothing and develop the marketing programs. At the same time, specialized software was implemented to produce tags for the products. Because there are specific requirements for content and format of the tags, the production manager is the only individual with authorized access to the software. In July 20X2, CCL signed a contract to produce a line of athletic wear for Sports Shop, a small chain of sporting goods stores. The line of athletic wear features the chain’s logo and trademark colours. CCL ships product to these stores using a company truck. The contract specifies that Sports Shop is to pay for each shipment within 30 days of signed receipt of delivery. Recently, Sports Shop has disputed some of the amounts owing to CCL, maintaining that there is no proof of receipt of the shipment. When Chip questioned the CCL driver, the driver admitted that when he was running late with his deliveries, he simply dropped the shipment at the store counter and did not wait for the store manager’s signature. Chip has not provided an allowance for these receivables since the delivery was made even though there is no signature. In fact, CCL has never recorded an allowance in any fiscal year and has not had any issues with uncollectible accounts. The research and early stages of development of CCL’s products were financed by a combination of capital invested by the brothers, bank financing, and a government grant (see financial statements, Exhibit 1). Scientific Research  and Experimental Development (SR&ED) credits were received in 20X1 and 20X2 and have been reported as government grants for accounting purposes. The sales volume of the soil-resistant clothing is now great enough to assure the lenders and any potential investors that these products are commercially viable. In fact, based on the 20X1/X2 results, they expect the current product line to become a significant commercial success. The cost of developing this product line, called Walton Work Wear has been deferred and is being amortized (straight-line) at the rate of 10% per year starting in 20X2 (see Deferred Development Schedule, Exhibit 2). Original research costs for the Walton Work Wear products were expensed when incurred, net of grants and SR&ED credits. The prior-year audit file shows that this treatment of SR&ED credits is consistent with CCL’s reporting of all taxes (payable and recoverable), which have been accounted for on a current basis without regard to recognition of the future tax effects of any current transactions. During the past year, the brothers have turned their attention to a moisture management and odourreduction feature for the athletics tops. They are confident that within two years their current research will lead to a product line that keeps the sweat away from the skin and minimizes the impact of perspiration on the clothing. The preliminary prototype works effectively for the first several minutes, but the protection barrier degrades quickly and more work is required. This product line will be called Carroway Cool Top and is currently in the research stage only. The deferred development costs for this product line are $975,000. In order to finance completion of the new research and development of the Carroway Cool Top products, Chip Carroway expects to obtain a long-term bank loan for CCL. He is aware that this long-term bank loan will include a more stringent debt to equity covenant than the existing line of credit. He is also interested in the option of going public and issuing new shares to raise funds for future growth. However, Chip is concerned about the implications of losing some control over CCL so he is leaning towards remaining a CCPC. CCL’s chief financial officer, Jack Lawson, was the original office manager  and bookkeeper when CCL was first established, and although he has no professional accounting credentials, he does have a degree in business administration with a major in finance. He is responsible for the preparation of financial reports and is involved in all of the financing discussions. Jack has always been employed by companies which are private and he has no experience in the requirements of going public, so Chip will require additional information from you in order to be able to make an informed decision between the financing options available. CCL has grown rapidly over the last three years, after implementing its research and development activities. During 20X1, the implementation of the research and development department resulted in the hiring of many new employees in research and development, production, and administration. CCL would like to provide an incentive plan to these new employees, but is not in a position to provide a cash bonus. Therefore, CCL is considering a limited issue of stock options to its employees. The stock options would entitle an employee to acquire equity shares of CCL at $50 per share at any time starting six months after the date of their issue. Some employees are uncertain about the impact of the issue of stock options on their taxable income and are considering disposing of them immediately upon acquisition. Chip has recently been notified about a pending lawsuit and provided Blake with some preliminary details when he was at the office in March. Six months ago, the production process of one of the fabric treatments resulted in an accidental but illegal leak of chemicals into the environment. The local environmental agency objected to such a release of chemicals, and when their objections were ignored they filed a lawsuit against CCL, alleging that CCL was negligent in the release of the chemicals and in violation of environmental regulations. Chip is not concerned about this lawsuit since he notes that the amount of chemicals that leaked from CCL equipment was not significant, but he would like to know whether there are any other risks associated with this issue and how they should be dealt with. Review of audit findings to date The audit-planning file indicates that Blake assessed the inherent risk associated with this audit as low. The reasons for this assessment include the fact that this is the second year of the engagement and no audit or financial reporting problems have been uncovered in the past audit. Blake included a note that the design of the clothing tags is now being handled jointly with the marketing manager, who had persuaded the production manager to give her access to the specialized software while he was away from the office on vacation. During this time, the marketing manager redesigned the tags to include more marketing elements and minimized the font size of the list of additives used in the fabric treatment so that there was more room to describe the innovative features of the clothing. The newly designed tags have been on product for the past two months, and CCL has recently heard some feedback from concerned customers that the information about the additives is difficult to read. These customers have allergies to certain chemicals, so it is imperative they are aware of the chemicals used in the treatment of these fabrics. Another important factor influencing the risk assessment is that, in spite of operating losses in the past, CCL has never had serious cash flow problems, due to Jack’s careful business planning and the good relationship CCL has with its lender. CCL is experiencing growth in profits, indicating that the investment in the research and development department is paying off. The draft financial statements show positive net income and strong revenue, with a portion of this revenue being generated by the Walton Work Wear line of products in 20X3 (see Exhibit 1). Although no misstatements or errors have been documented in the work completed so far, you are not sure if this is because conclusions have not yet been drawn on most sections of the audit file. In addition to evaluating all of the evidence gathered so far, the following audit work still needs to be completed: review of the accounts in Exhibit 2; team leader review of all work done by subordinates; completion of the audit work on unrecorded liabilities, subsequent events, and contingencies; and review of the draft  tax returns. Once all of these steps have been completed and approval of the statements is received from the client, the schedule of unadjusted errors and final review of the financial statements must be completed. The file will then be ready for a final partner review before release of the audit report. You see from the files that Blake has used traditional sampling to sample small amounts of data for the audit and you are not comfortable basing your conclusions on the work done because with the increase in sales this year and the research and development activities, there is a large amount of data to audit. You are considering an appropriate alternative, such as generalized audit software. Upon examining the file, you realize that a number of financial reporting and potential tax issues have arisen this year that were not present in prior years. These issues and other new information have not been adequately addressed in the current-year audit plan. You believe that the client should be informed of your concerns regarding the current year’s issues as well as the implications of the financing options.

Family Violence and Abuse Free Essay Example, 2250 words

In 40% of the cases examined, dependable parents admitted: they believed there was nothing wrong with what had happened . The caseworkers who were instructed to evaluate the case documents thoroughly reported that in more than half the cases the supervision problem was due to a lack of knowledge or poor judgment about the needs of children . Today, if a child is abused by a parent, there is no assurance that the child will be separated and given any form of protection from the maltreating parent. In fact, the child is more likely to be separated from his/her parents because of poverty than maltreatment. It is also less likely that the abusive parent will be apprehended, except if the child dies. Rather, the parent will more probably go through counseling or therapy (Reece, 2003). The entire practice would be pathetically outrageous. While therapy and counseling may sooner or later form a partial remedy to the psychological disorder that led the parent to maltreat his/her child, it is still a fact that a child has been harmed, and the attacker should be prosecuted under the law. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Violence and Abuse or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page

The Xerox Corporation s History - 1633 Words

Introduction The Xerox Corporation’s history, however, is not perfect. In 2002, they were fined $10 million for inflating revenue and profits from 1997 to 2000 by including future payments on existing products (Xerox). They were using various â€Å"topside accounting devices,† to manipulate their equipment revenues and earnings (KPMG). They would record leases of products to customers as sales in order to increase their revenue. The auditing firm used by Xerox was KPMG. KPMG is a global accounting and auditing company and is also recognized as part of the Big Four along with Deloitte, Ernst Young, and PricewaterhouseCoopers (www.accountingverse.com). They allowed Xerox to close a $3 billion â€Å"gap† between their actual operating results†¦show more content†¦Meanwhile, senior level management personnel received over $5 million in performance based compensation as well as over $30 million in profits from the sale of what was at the time overvalued stock (XEROX CORPORATION). Xerox’s accounting manipulations were carefully and intentionally executed in an attempt to conceal them from being detected. The corporation’s executives knowingly directed management to perform two main manipulative accounting procedures and actively covered their tracks. They were inappropriately storing revenue off the books, and then conveniently releasing the stored funds at pivotal times in order to increase sluggish or slow earning periods. This is a common practice and it is speculated that many major corporations used these booking techniques at times as well. The company was also accelerating revenues from short-term equipment rentals, which were being described as longer term leases. The variance was noteworthy for according to GAAP, the entire value of a long-term lease should be included in the revenue in the first year. But instead, the value of these rentals was spread throughout the duration of the leases (XEROX CORPORATION). Xerox’s manipulations directly affected the economyShow MoreRelatedEssay about Big City Trust Company UP1174 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Problem After assessing the Financial Statements of Xerox Corporation and Polaroid Corporation, is Big City Trust Company going to finance and invest to Auto-Drive Company’s latest product? Will Auto-Drive Company be able to penetrate the market and make an outstanding revenue similar to Xerox Corporation and Polaroid Corporation? Company Background Auto Drive Company Auto-Drive Company is developing Auto-drive- an auto pilot technology installed in cars which makes it impossible for the carRead MoreMy Experience At Ceo And What She Is It Through Hard Work And High Performance1418 Words   |  6 Pagesand CEO of Xerox (Byrnes and Crockett, 2009). These previous words by Ursula Burns display her resilience to prove her worth to the business world, regardless of her gender and the color of her skin. 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Immigration Is Unnecessary And Not Ethical - 1811 Words

2008 almost 38 million people in America were foreign born. That was roughly 12.5% of all Americans at that time (â€Å"Emigration and Immigration†). If all the people that are descendants of immigrants are added to that, the number gets a whole lot bigger. Do immigrants help or ruin our society and culture? Should immigration be allowed? The debate has raged on for hundreds of years, and it will likely go on forever. Immigration is when a person comes into a new country and settles there. Not only do immigrants cause taxes to rise, they also threaten public safety and occupy jobs that Americans need to survive, leading to the conclusion that immigration is unnecessary and not ethical. Immigration has a big history and background because it has been going on for a really long time, and in lots of countries. Immigration has been in America as early as the 19th century, and it is still around today. There are lots of good things, bad things, causes, and effects of immigration. Some people say immigrants are needed to help America’s economy and culture, but others say immigrants are pointless because they raise tax levels, threaten public safety, and take Americans’ jobs. Illegal immigration is also a factor in the debate. Illegal immigration is when someone immigrates without filling out all the necessary paperwork, and crossing the border of the country without anyone noticing. There are plenty of reasons why people immigrate. Some of them are getting certain freedoms that theyShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Undocumented Immigrants1394 Words   |  6 Pagesshadows. Surviving through government assistance or using a stolen identity as a means to gain emp loyment, the undocumented struggle to survive in a nation that is aware of their existence yet chooses to do nothing about it. 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Digital Electronics free essay sample

Digital electronics is classified into combinational logic and sequential logic. Combinational logic output depends on the inputs levels, whereas sequential logic output depends on stored levels and also the input levels. [pic] [pic] [pic] The memory elements are devices capable of storing binary info. The binary info stored in the memory elements at any given time defines the state of the sequential circuit. The input and the present state of the memory element determines the output. Memory elements next state is also a function of external inputs and present state. A sequential circuit is specified by a time sequence of inputs, outputs, and internal states. [pic] There are two types of sequential circuits. Their classification depends on the timing of their signals: [pic] †¢ Synchronous sequential circuits †¢ Asynchronous sequential circuits [pic] [pic][pic][pic] [pic] [pic]Asynchronous sequential circuit This is a system whose outputs depend upon the order in which its input variables change and can be affected at any instant of time. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Electronics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page pic] Gate-type asynchronous systems are basically combinational circuits with feedback paths. Because of the feedback among logic gates, the system may, at times, become unstable. Consequently they are not often used. [pic] [pic] [pic] [pic]Synchronous sequential circuits This type of system uses storage elements called flip-flops that are employed to change their binary value only at discrete instants of time. Synchronous sequential circuits use logic gates and flip-flop storage devices. Sequential circuits have a clock signal as one of their inputs. All state transitions in such circuits occur only when the clock value is either 0 or 1 or happen at the rising or falling edges of the clock depending on the type of memory elements used in the circuit. Synchronization is achieved by a timing device called a clock pulse generator. Clock pulses are distributed throughout the system in such a way that the flip-flops are affected only with the arrival of the synchronization pulse. Synchronous sequential circuits that use clock pulses in the inputs are called clocked-sequential circuits. They are stable and their timing can easily be broken down into independent discrete steps, each of which is considered separately. [pic] [pic] [pic] A clock signal is a periodic square wave that indefinitely switches from 0 to 1 and from 1 to 0 at fixed intervals. Clock cycle time or clock period: the time interval between two consecutive rising or falling edges of the clock. [pic] Clock Frequency = 1 / clock cycle time (measured in cycles per second or Hz) [pic] Example:Clock cycle time = 10ns clock frequency = 100Mhz Concept of Sequential Logic A sequential circuit as seen in the last page, is combinational logic with some feedback to maintain its current value, like a memory cell. To understand the basics lets consider the basic feedback logic circuit below, which is a simple NOT gate whose output is connected to its input. The effect is that output oscillates between HIGH and LOW (i. e. 1 and 0). Oscillation frequency depends on gate delay and wire delay. Assuming a wire delay of 0 and a gate delay of 10ns, then oscillation frequency would be (on time + off time = 20ns) 50Mhz. [pic] [pic] [pic] The basic idea of having the feedback is to store the value or hold the value, but in the above circuit, output keeps toggling. We can overcome this problem with the circuit below, which is basically cascading two inverters, so that the feedback is in-phase, thus avoids toggling. The equivalent circuit is the same as having a buffer with its output connected to its input. [pic] [pic] [pic] But there is a problem here too: each gate output value is stable, but what will it be? Or in other words buffer output can not be known. There is no way to tell. If we could know or set the value we would have a simple 1-bit storage/memory element. pic] The circuit below is the same as the inverters connected back to back with provision to set the state

Tragedy Of Macbeth Essays - Characters In Macbeth,

Tragedy Of Macbeth What is a tragedy? According to Aristotle, a tragedy is a genre aimed to present a heightened and harmonious imitation of nature, and, in particular, those aspects of nature that touch most closely upon human life. He said a tragedy must have six parts: plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle, and sons (Booth 29). William Shakespeare's Macbeth, attains these distinctive qualities. The witches' prophecies, peer pressure to commit murder and fate are all examples of such qualities. The Tragedy of Macbeth starts with three witches' who tell Macbeth that he will be the Thane of Cawdor, Thane of Glamis, and King of Scotland. As the play progresses, Macbeth slowly relies on the witches' prophecies. As a result of the prophecies, Macbeth's curiosity of how he could be the King of Scotland arouses. Macbeth's ambition influenced his declining character. However, Macbeth's ambition had not been strong enough to carry the motive to kill Duncan. Lady Macbeth's influence also came in to play because if not for Lady Macbeth, his ambition would not have been intensified enough to drive him to obtain and maintain his title of King of Scotland no matter what it took, even if it meant murdering (Sisson 123). At first Macbeth refuses to kill Duncan but, after Lady Macbeth taunts him for his cowardice, he replies, I dare do all that may become a man; Who dares do more is none. (1.7.46-47) After Lady Macbeth taunts Macbeth, he considers murdering Duncan. Her taunts made Macbeth feel less of a man, especially, when she considers murdering Duncan herself. After awhile of taunting Macbeth was convinced to murder his friend, his king Duncan. After the murder has been commited, Lady Macbeth tells Macbeth to act like the innocent flower, but be a serpent underneath. She overcomes for only awhile the moral scruples and terrible visions of her husband (Campbell 211), A little water clears us of this deed (2.2.66) Macbeth's first murder was a trying experience for him, however after the first murder, killing seemed to be the only solution to maintain his reign of the people of Scotland. Macbeth overflowed in power, but yet he felt remoarse for things he had done, But wherefore could not I pronounce ? AMEN I had most need of blessing, and ?AMEN? stuck in my throat (2.2?) So Macbeth continues-the power of evil feeding on every move he makes-to make for his advancement as prophesied by the witches'. He hires his men to eliminate Banquo, a threat to his cumulative reign. Having Banquo out of his way Macbeth surges with the sense of power (Jorgensen 83). Later on in the play Macbeth returns to the three witches, wanting more information regarding his fate. An apparition appears, of a head with a helmet on. It warns to beware of Macduff. The Second apparition, a bloody child, gives important information. ? None of woman born shall harm Macbeth?, with this information on his hands Macbeth considers himself invisible. The third apparition, a crowned child with a tree, he tells Macbeth tha he will be in no danger until ? Birnam Wood comes to high Dunsinane Hill.? Invisible power! Macbeth forgets two of the three prophecies and locks one in his head ? none of woman born shall harm Macbeth? (Everret 143). The witches' have prophesied again, with an unforeseeable truth. With his sense of immortality high in his head Macbeth leaves the witches', overtaken by his ambition. Fearing nothing Macbeth begins to ask himself questions, How could Macduff, a man of woman born, hurt me? How could the Birnam Wood come to Dunsinane Hill? Having all the confidence in the world, Macbeth continues his harmful ways. At this point his fate acquired complete control over him, he had found security and trust in something he trusted, the witches' words. Later in the play while staying in his castle, Macbeth and his army make plans to attack Macduff and his army. Suddenly, a messenger comes looking for him. The messenger, unsure of how to report what he saw, says Birnam Wood appeared to move. Macbeth realizes that the first prophecy is fulfilled. Macbeth worries that he is stuck fighting by himself after his army is overpowered. He wonders who was not born of a woman. For the first time in awhile Macbeth shows fear. His army who guarded the castle was slaughtered,